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Urban computing is an interdisciplinary field which pertains to the study and application of computing technology in urban areas. This involves the application of wireless networks, sensors, computational power, and data to improve the quality of densely populated areas. An often-quoted description of the field is:〔Yu Zheng, Licia Capra, Ouri Wolfson, and Hai Yang. 2014. Urban computing: Concepts, methodologies, and applications. ''ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol.'' 5, 3, Article 38 (September 2014), 55 pages. 〕 The term "urban computing" was first introduced by Eric Paulos at the 2004 UbiComp conference〔Eric Paulos, Ken Anderson, and Anthony Townsend. "UbiComp in the Urban Frontier" (workshop at the Sixth International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, Nottingham, England, September 7, 2004). http://www.ubicomp.org/ubicomp2004/prg.php?show=workshop#w9.〕 and in his paper The Familiar Stranger〔Eric Paulos and Elizabeth Goodman. 2004. The familiar stranger: anxiety, comfort, and play in public places. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '04). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 223-230. DOI=10.1145/985692.985721 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/985692.985721〕 co-authored with Elizabeth Goodman. Although closely tied to the field of urban informatics, Marcus Foth differentiates the two in his preface to ''Handbook of Research on Urban Informatics'' by saying that urban computing, urban technology, and urban infrastructure focus more on technological dimensions whereas informatics focuses on the social and human implications of technology in cities.〔Foth, Marcus, ed. Handbook of Research on Urban Informations: The Practice and Promise of the Real-Time City. New York: Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global), 2009. Print.〕 Within the domain of computer science, urban computing draws from the domains of wireless and sensor networks, information science, and human-computer interaction. Urban computing uses many of the paradigms introduced by ubiquitous computing in that collections of devices are used to gather data about the urban environment to help improve the quality of life for people affected by cities. What further differentiates urban computing from traditional remote sensing networks is the variety of devices, inputs, and human interaction involved. In traditional sensor networks, devices are often purposefully built and specifically deployed for monitoring certain phenomenon such as temperature, noise, and light.〔I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, Wireless sensor networks: a survey, Computer Networks, Volume 38, Issue 4, 15 March 2002, Pages 393-422, ISSN 1389-1286, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1286(01)00302-4. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128601003024). p. 395〕 As an interdisciplinary field, urban computing also has practitioners and applications in fields including civil engineering, anthropology, public history, health care, urban planning, and energy, among others.〔Hannu Kukka, Johanna Ylipulli, Anna Luusua, and Anind K. Dey. 2014. Urban computing in theory and practice: towards a transdisciplinary approach. In Proceedings of the 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Fun, Fast, Foundational (NordiCHI '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 658-667. DOI=10.1145/2639189.2639250 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2639189.2639250〕 == Applications and Examples == The following sections illustrate several interdisciplinary domains and topics within urban computing. As an interdisciplinary field, many of the categories below may overlap with one another. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Urban computing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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